The genome that carries the MOTS-c reading frame, and the features of it that matter for the peptide

Published 26 October 2026 · REVIVE LAB UAE Research Desk · 5 min read
Human mitochondrial DNA is a circle of 16,569 base pairs, sequenced in 1981 by the Sanger laboratory, encoding thirteen protein subunits of the respiratory chain, twenty-two transfer RNAs and two ribosomal RNAs, with almost no non-coding sequence outside the control region. Each cell holds hundreds to thousands of copies, inherited maternally, and variants may be present in all copies or only some, a state called heteroplasmy. The MOTS-c reading frame lies within the 12S ribosomal RNA gene, so it is present in every copy, inherited with the maternal lineage, and subject to the same variants — including the K14Q change — as the rest of the molecule.

Gene density and overlap

The mitochondrial genome is compact: genes abut and sometimes overlap, and there are no introns. A reading frame hidden inside a ribosomal RNA gene is therefore less surprising than it would be in nuclear DNA, where such overlaps are rare. Humanin and the SHLPs sit in the 16S gene the same way. Whether the genome carries further such frames is an open question.

The 12S gene itself encodes a structural RNA, not a protein, which is what made a peptide within it unexpected.

Copy number and inheritance

Copy number varies by tissue and with age and disease, and because MOTS-c transcript must come from these copies, the gene dosage for the peptide varies with it. Maternal inheritance means MOTS-c variants track maternal lineages — haplogroups — which is how the K14Q variant came to be studied in East Asian populations where its haplogroup is common.

Mitochondrial DNA mutates faster than nuclear DNA, so population variation in the frame is expected.

Why it is here

Because the genome the peptide comes from is unusual in ways that shape its biology, and a reader should have the basic facts. It is genetics, stated as such.

MOTS-c is supplied by REVIVE LAB UAE for laboratory research use only, with identity by mass spectrometry and purity by HPLC for the batch. It is not for human or veterinary use, and no dosing, administration or protocol guidance is provided.

What it costs

FormatStrengthPriceAvailability
MOTS-c Pack40 mgAED 950In stock

Delivery is AED 40 flat and free on orders over AED 700. Payment is cash on delivery anywhere in the UAE, or USDT (TRC20) in advance, which takes 5% off the order total.

Frequently asked

Gene density and overlap?

The mitochondrial genome is compact: genes abut and sometimes overlap, and there are no introns. A reading frame hidden inside a ribosomal RNA gene is therefore less surprising than it would be in nuclear DNA, where such overlaps are rare. Humanin and the SHLPs sit in the 16S gene the same way. Whether the genome carries further such frames is an open question.

Does REVIVE LAB UAE provide dosing guidance?

No. REVIVE LAB UAE supplies research materials and provides no dosing, administration or protocol guidance of any kind. Every product is sold for laboratory research use only and is not for human or veterinary consumption.

How fast is delivery in the UAE?

Stock is held in Dubai. An order confirmed before 4 PM Dubai time is dispatched the same working day, reaching Dubai and Abu Dhabi the same day and the remaining emirates within 24 hours. Delivery is AED 40 flat and free over AED 700.

MOTS-c Pack — in stock, dispatched from Dubai
HPLC-verified, lot certificate on every carton, 24-hour delivery nationwide. Browse the catalogue → All peptides UAE

Related reading

Supplied for laboratory research use only. Not for human or veterinary consumption. REVIVE LAB UAE provides no dosing, administration or protocol guidance.