The two trials in which growth hormone roughly doubled mortality, and what they changed

Published 26 October 2026 · REVIVE LAB UAE Research Desk · 5 min read
Takala and colleagues published in 1999 two parallel multicentre randomised trials, in Finland and across Europe, of growth hormone given to adults in intensive care after cardiac surgery, abdominal surgery, trauma or respiratory failure, with the aim of reducing muscle wasting. In both trials in-hospital mortality was substantially higher in the treated groups — about 39 and 44 per cent against 20 and 18 per cent with placebo — with deaths from multiple organ failure, septic shock and uncontrolled infection. The trials were stopped, critical illness became a contraindication on every label, and the result remains one of the clearest demonstrations that an anabolic hormone can harm.

The rationale and the result

Critically ill patients lose muscle rapidly, and growth hormone promotes nitrogen retention, so the hypothesis was that it would preserve lean mass and speed recovery. About 530 patients were enrolled across the two trials. Nitrogen balance did improve. Patients nonetheless died more often, stayed longer in intensive care, and needed ventilation longer. The direction and magnitude of the harm were the same in both trials.

The amounts used were far above replacement, which has been proposed as part of the explanation.

Proposed mechanisms

Insulin resistance and hyperglycaemia, which worsen outcomes in intensive care; immune modulation; effects on glutamine availability; and fluid retention. No single mechanism was established, and the finding stands on the outcome rather than on an explanation. Later work on intensive insulin therapy in the same setting reinforced the glucose hypothesis.

The trials did not test lower amounts, so the shape of the risk is unknown.

What it established

That the hormone has a context in which it is dangerous, that anabolic surrogate endpoints can move while patients die, and that acute critical illness is an absolute contraindication. It is the most important safety finding in the adult literature and is stated here as such.

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Frequently asked

The rationale and the result?

Critically ill patients lose muscle rapidly, and growth hormone promotes nitrogen retention, so the hypothesis was that it would preserve lean mass and speed recovery. About 530 patients were enrolled across the two trials. Nitrogen balance did improve. Patients nonetheless died more often, stayed longer in intensive care, and needed ventilation longer. The direction and magnitude of the harm were the same in both trials.

Does REVIVE LAB UAE provide dosing guidance?

No. REVIVE LAB UAE supplies research materials and provides no dosing, administration or protocol guidance of any kind. Every product is sold for laboratory research use only and is not for human or veterinary consumption.

How fast is delivery in the UAE?

Stock is held in Dubai. An order confirmed before 4 PM Dubai time is dispatched the same working day, reaching Dubai and Abu Dhabi the same day and the remaining emirates within 24 hours. Delivery is AED 40 flat and free over AED 700.

HGH Somatropin Pack — in stock, dispatched from Dubai
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Supplied for laboratory research use only. Not for human or veterinary consumption. REVIVE LAB UAE provides no dosing, administration or protocol guidance.