How growth hormone activates its receptor, as mapped in the early 1990s

Published 24 October 2026 · REVIVE LAB UAE Research Desk · 5 min read
Cunningham and Wells used alanine-scanning mutagenesis, published in Science in 1989, to map the receptor-binding surface of growth hormone residue by residue. The 1992 crystal structure then showed one hormone bound to two receptor molecules, through a high-affinity site 1 and a lower-affinity site 2 on opposite faces. Fuh and colleagues showed the same year that a hormone mutated at site 2 binds one receptor and blocks signalling, which is the basis of the receptor antagonist pegvisomant.

Mapping site 1

Replacing residues one at a time with alanine and measuring binding identified a patch on helix 4 and the first crossover loop whose mutation cost most of the affinity. This was the first systematic functional map of a hormone-receptor interface and established alanine scanning as a method.

It was done before the structure was known.

Site 2 and the dimer

The crystal structure showed a second receptor contacting a different face of the hormone, mainly helices 1 and 3, through a smaller interface. The two receptor molecules also contact each other. Binding is sequential: site 1 first, then site 2 recruits the second receptor.

Later work indicated the receptor exists as a preformed dimer that the hormone rearranges rather than assembles, but the two-site binding stands.

What followed

A single substitution at site 2, glycine 120 to arginine, gives a molecule that occupies one receptor and cannot engage the second. Pegylated, it is pegvisomant, an approved antagonist. The mechanism therefore produced both the picture of activation and a way to block it.

Somatropin is supplied by REVIVE LAB UAE for laboratory research use only, with identity and purity documented for the batch. It is not for human or veterinary use, and no dosing, administration or protocol guidance is provided.

What it costs

FormatStrengthPriceAvailability
HGH Somatropin Pack24 mg (72 IU)AED 850In stock

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Frequently asked

Mapping site 1?

Replacing residues one at a time with alanine and measuring binding identified a patch on helix 4 and the first crossover loop whose mutation cost most of the affinity. This was the first systematic functional map of a hormone-receptor interface and established alanine scanning as a method.

Does REVIVE LAB UAE provide dosing guidance?

No. REVIVE LAB UAE supplies research materials and provides no dosing, administration or protocol guidance of any kind. Every product is sold for laboratory research use only and is not for human or veterinary consumption.

How fast is delivery in the UAE?

Stock is held in Dubai. An order confirmed before 4 PM Dubai time is dispatched the same working day, reaching Dubai and Abu Dhabi the same day and the remaining emirates within 24 hours. Delivery is AED 40 flat and free over AED 700.

HGH Somatropin Pack — in stock, dispatched from Dubai
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Related reading

Supplied for laboratory research use only. Not for human or veterinary consumption. REVIVE LAB UAE provides no dosing, administration or protocol guidance.