The native fold, the misfold recombinant production can give, and how they are told apart

Published 24 October 2026 · REVIVE LAB UAE Research Desk · 5 min read
Native IGF-1 pairs cysteine 6 with 48, 18 with 61, and 47 with 52. During oxidative refolding of the recombinant protein a second stable isomer forms in which 6 pairs with 47 and 48 with 52, the so-called swap isomer, which has identical mass and reduced receptor activity. It is separable by reversed-phase chromatography and is confirmed by peptide mapping. For IGF-1 LR3 the numbering shifts by 13 but the pairing is the same.

The native pairing

Two of the bonds, 18-61 and 47-52 in IGF-1 numbering, correspond to the interchain and intrachain bonds of insulin. The third, 6-48, links the B domain to the A domain. Together they hold a compact fold of three short helices. The protein is small enough that the disulfides contribute much of its stability.

Reduction unfolds it completely.

The swap isomer

Oxidising six cysteines can give fifteen pairings. For IGF-1 the folding landscape has two deep minima: the native form and one in which cysteines 6, 47, 48 and 52 are connected differently. The swap isomer forms in meaningful yield during in vitro refolding and is thermodynamically stable, so it does not correct itself. It was characterised in the early 1990s as recombinant IGF-1 processes were developed.

Mass spectrometry of the intact protein cannot see it; the two have the same formula.

How it is controlled

Reversed-phase chromatography resolves the two isomers, so the main peak purity figure includes the separation. Peptide mapping under non-reducing conditions identifies which cysteines are joined. A certificate for a refolded protein should state the method that resolves the isomer.

IGF-1 LR3 is supplied by REVIVE LAB UAE for laboratory research use only, with identity and purity documented for the batch. It is not for human or veterinary use, and no dosing, administration or protocol guidance is provided.

What it costs

FormatStrengthPriceAvailability
IGF-1 LR3 Pack1 mgAED 650In stock

Delivery is AED 40 flat and free on orders over AED 700. Payment is cash on delivery anywhere in the UAE, or USDT (TRC20) in advance, which takes 5% off the order total.

Frequently asked

The native pairing?

Two of the bonds, 18-61 and 47-52 in IGF-1 numbering, correspond to the interchain and intrachain bonds of insulin. The third, 6-48, links the B domain to the A domain. Together they hold a compact fold of three short helices. The protein is small enough that the disulfides contribute much of its stability.

Does REVIVE LAB UAE provide dosing guidance?

No. REVIVE LAB UAE supplies research materials and provides no dosing, administration or protocol guidance of any kind. Every product is sold for laboratory research use only and is not for human or veterinary consumption.

How fast is delivery in the UAE?

Stock is held in Dubai. An order confirmed before 4 PM Dubai time is dispatched the same working day, reaching Dubai and Abu Dhabi the same day and the remaining emirates within 24 hours. Delivery is AED 40 flat and free over AED 700.

IGF-1 LR3 Pack — in stock, dispatched from Dubai
HPLC-verified, lot certificate on every carton, 24-hour delivery nationwide. Browse the catalogue → All peptides UAE

Related reading

Supplied for laboratory research use only. Not for human or veterinary consumption. REVIVE LAB UAE provides no dosing, administration or protocol guidance.