Carbon is mostly carbon-12 with a little carbon-13. Average mass accounts for that mixture; monoisotopic mass assumes every carbon is carbon-12.
For a small peptide the two differ by a fraction of a dalton. For a larger molecule the accumulated difference is several daltons, because every additional carbon widens it.
High-resolution instruments resolve individual isotope peaks and report monoisotopic mass. Lower-resolution methods see an unresolved envelope and report an average. Both are legitimate, and the measurement should say which it is.
The error worth avoiding is comparing a monoisotopic measurement against an average theoretical value, or the reverse, and reading the difference as a problem with the material.
Molecular weights here are approximate and marked as such — about 1880 daltons for TB500, about 9111 for IGF-1 LR3, about 22 125 for somatropin, about 340 for the GHK peptide plus its coordinated copper.
They are stated to identify the molecule, not as a specification to test against. The number to compare a measurement with is the one on that batch’s certificate.
Carbon is mostly carbon-12 with a little carbon-13. Average mass accounts for that mixture; monoisotopic mass assumes every carbon is carbon-12.
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